Lesson 1 — Introduction to Financial Records

Objective: Define financial records, source documents and books of original entry and explain their role in business.

Content: Terms and purpose; who uses records (owners, managers, banks, KRA); legal and practical reasons.

Activity: Class discussion & brainstorm: list documents students have seen (till receipts, invoices, bank slips).

Assessment: Short quiz: define key terms.

Lesson 2 — Importance of Source Documents & Books of Original Entry

Objective: Explain advantages: evidence of transactions, prevent fraud, audit trail, taxation records, accuracy and control.

Activity: Small groups list 5 reasons and present using real-life Kenyan examples (shop, school fees receipt).

Assessment: Written paragraph explaining importance in KSh context.

Lesson 3 — Sales Invoices and Sales Receipts

Objective: Identify and read sales invoices and receipts; note required information (date, amount, parties, description, invoice no.).

Activity: Students examine real till receipts and identify all fields.

Lesson 4 — Delivery Notes, Credit Notes & Debit Notes

Objective: Describe delivery notes, credit and debit notes and when each is used (returns, price adjustments).

Activity: Role-play: customer returns goods, issue a credit note; supplier corrects invoice using a debit note.

Assessment: Short matching exercise.

Lesson 5 — Bank Documents (Statements, Deposit Slips, Cheque Counterfoils)

Objective: Identify bank statement items, cheque stubs/counterfoils, deposit/pay‑in slips and bank charges.

Kenyan context: Recognise common bank slip features and KSh notation; look at mobile bank notifications too.

Activity: Teacher shows an anonymised bank statement and students tick off transactions they expect to record.

Lesson 6 — Purchase Invoices and Orders (LPO)

Objective: Analyse purchase invoices, Local Purchase Orders (LPOs) and supplier statements.

Activity: Create an LPO for school supplies; identify where it fits in the record keeping process.

Lesson 7 — Petty Cash Vouchers & Petty Cash Book

Objective: Explain petty cash use, make petty cash vouchers and keep a petty cash book (imprest system).

Activity: Students record 5 petty purchases and balance the petty cash book.

Lesson 8 — Cash Receipts Book (Cash Book - Receipts side)

Objective: Record cash received (cash sales, receipts from debtors, bank lodgements) into the cash receipts book.

Sample layout (simplified):

Activity: Enter 6 mock cash receipts and total the book.

Lesson 9 — Cash Payments Book (Cash Book - Payments side)

Objective: Record cash payments (wages, purchases, expenses) and understand cheque stub recording.

Sample layout (simplified):

Activity: Students prepare payment entries and reconcile cheque counterfoils.

Lesson 10 — Sales Day Book (Credit Sales)

Objective: Record credit sales in the sales journal and understand posting totals to ledger.

Sample sales journal row: Date | Invoice No. | Customer | Amount (KSh)

Activity: Given 5 credit invoices, enter them in the sales book and find total for month-end posting.

Lesson 11 — Purchases Day Book (Credit Purchases)

Objective: Record credit purchases in the purchases journal; know how returns affect totals.

Activity: Record sample supplier invoices and compute monthly purchases total for ledger posting.

Lesson 12 — Returns Inwards & Returns Outwards

Objective: Understand sales returns (returns inwards) and purchase returns (returns outwards) and the documents used (credit notes, debit notes).

Activity: Enter sample returns into the returns books and explain their effect on net sales/purchases.

Lesson 13 — General Journal (Journal Proper)

Objective: Use the general journal for adjustments, opening entries, corrections and non‑routine transactions.

Sample: Depreciation entry, correction of an error, transfer of petty cash imprest.

Activity: Prepare journal entries for 3 adjustment scenarios.

Lesson 14 — Types of Cash Books (Single, Double & Three Column)

Objective: Compare single-column (cash only), double-column (cash & discounts) and three-column (bank, cash & discounts) cash books.

Activity: Prepare a simple three-column cash book for a week's transactions (use KSh amounts).

Lesson 15 — Practical: Recording Transactions in Relevant Books

Objective: Given a list of transactions, decide the source document and record each in the correct book of original entry.

Sample transactions (short):

1. 03/04/2026 — Cash sale KSh 2,000 (till receipt) → Cash receipts book.
2. 04/04/2026 — Credit sale KSh 8,000 invoiced to Kinuthia → Sales day book.
3. 05/04/2026 — Purchase of goods on credit KSh 6,000 from Supplier B → Purchases book.
4. 06/04/2026 — Paid wages KSh 1,500 (cash) → Cash payments book.

Activity: Group practical: complete all entries and exchange with another group for checking.

Lesson 16 — Posting from Books of Original Entry to Ledgers

Objective: Explain totals posting and individual postings from books to ledger accounts and the trial balance link.

Activity: Post totals from a sample sales book and cash book to ledger T‑accounts (show debits and credits).

Assessment: Short exercise: show posting and prepare a mini trial balance.

Lesson 17 — Internal Controls & Safe Handling of Source Documents

Objective: Study control measures: authorization, sequential numbering, stamping paid invoices, safekeeping of documents and audit trail.

Activity: Inspect a sample cash book and suggest 5 controls to reduce theft or error.

Lesson 18 — Revision & Assessment (Practical Project)

Objective: Demonstrate mastery by running a mock business day: create source documents, record in books of original entry and present reconciled accounts.

Project outline: In groups, operate a mock kiosk for one period, keep all source documents (receipts, invoices, petty vouchers), record transactions in books and prepare a short report showing totals, control measures and lessons learned.

Assessment: Teacher marks on accuracy (40%), completeness of documents (30%), presentation (20%), teamwork (10%).