Notes: Keep machines on level concrete. Maintain clear walkways (min 1 m). Position dust extractors near sanding and sawing machines. Place timber away from direct rain.

4. Safety in the wood workshop (Explain reasons and rules)

Why observe safety?

• Prevent injuries from sharp tools, moving machines and flying wood chips.
• Reduce breathing problems from wood dust and chemical fumes.
• Lower risk of fires from rags soaked in solvents or electrical faults.
• Protect health for long careers — hearing protection prevents long‑term hearing loss.

Basic safety rules (must follow at all times):

• Wear PPE: safety goggles, dust mask/respirator, ear protection, closed‑toe shoes or safety boots, and apron. Avoid loose clothing and jewellery.
• Inspect tools before use — check blades, guards and cables. Switch off and unplug machines before adjustment.
• Use push sticks and feather boards at saws to keep hands away from blades.
• Keep the floor clean and dry; remove offcuts and sawdust regularly to prevent slips and fires.
• Know emergency procedures: location of first aid kit, fire extinguisher and exits. Call 999/112 in Kenya for emergencies.
• Never work alone on large machines; always have a classmate or teacher nearby for supervision.
• Store flammable finishes and solvents in labelled metal containers and away from heat sources.

5. Importance of workshop features (Appreciate)

Each feature supports safety, efficiency and the quality of finished work:

• Good layout reduces wasted movement and prevents accidental contact with machines.
• Proper storage protects timber from rot and insects and extends tool life.
• Dust extraction protects lungs and keeps tools operating reliably.
• Signage and a safety station save lives during incidents and promote responsibility.

6. Suggested learning experiences (activities fitted to Kenyan schools)

1. Class discussion: Identify features in your school workshop. Take photos or draw each feature and label their functions.
2. Small group task: Design a workshop layout for your classroom on paper — consider number of students, machines and safety distances. Present to class and justify choices.
3. Practical: Set up a safe workstation at a bench. Practice clamping, marking and sawing with teacher supervision.
4. Safety drill: Practice location and use of fire extinguisher and first aid kit. Role‑play reporting an accident (who to call, what to say).
5. Tool inspection activity: Learners inspect a tool (e.g., plane, saw), record faults and propose maintenance steps.
6. Guest visit: Invite a local woodworker or carpenter to show good workshop practice and local timber types (e.g., eucalyptus, cypress, indigenous species).
7. Reflection: Keep a short logbook for a week recording safe habits and any near misses; discuss improvements in class.

7. Simple assessments and reflection

• Short quiz: Name five workshop features and give one reason each is important.
• Practical test: Safely set up a bench and perform a supervised straight cut using a handsaw or small circular saw with teacher.
• Peer assessment: Review another group's layout and give two positives and one suggested improvement.
• Reflection question: How does a well‑organised workshop help you become a better woodworker and protect your health?

8. Quick checklist for every workshop session

• All learners wearing PPE.
• Machines checked and guards in place.
• Work area clear of excess offcuts and sawdust.
• First aid kit and extinguisher visible and accessible.
• Ventilation or extractor operating for sanding/finishing.

Prepared for learners aged 15 in Kenya. Teachers: adapt examples to your school's workshop size, available machines and local timbers. Emphasise supervision and safe practice at all times.