ENGLISH NOTES — WRITING: THE WRITING PROCESS

Topic: PERSONAL GROOMING (examples used for grammar practice) · Level: Form 2 / Age ~14 · Kenya

Lesson objective:

Use grammar correctly when writing about the personal grooming process. Focus on sentence structure, tense, punctuation, linking words, voice, and common word errors.

The Writing Process (grammar focus)

  1. Plan (Brainstorm) — Choose verbs, nouns and adjectives you will use. e.g., nouns: soap, comb, uniform; verbs: wash, comb, polish; adjectives: clean, neat.
  2. Draft — Write sentences. Watch subject-verb agreement, correct verb tense, and pronouns.
  3. Revise — Improve cohesion: use linking words, check paragraph structure (topic → support → closing).
  4. Edit — Correct grammar: punctuation, capitalization, spelling, articles (a/the), prepositions.
  5. Proofread — Final read for small grammar mistakes and word choice (their/there/they're etc.).

Key grammar points with examples (all about personal grooming)

1. Subject–Verb Agreement

Use the correct verb form for singular and plural subjects.

  • Singular: "The boy combs his hair." (not "comb")
  • Plural: "The students polish their shoes." (not "polishes")
  • Example: "He washes his hands." vs "They wash their hands."
2. Tenses — Choose the right tense

Process writing usually uses the present simple for routines and the past simple for events that happened:

  • Routine: "Every morning I put on a clean uniform and brush my teeth."
  • Sequence of past events: "Yesterday I woke up early, washed my face, and hurried to school."
  • Tip: For instructions use the imperative: "Comb your hair neatly."
3. Paragraph structure & cohesion

One clear paragraph = topic sentence + supporting sentences + closing sentence. Use linking words to show order:

Linking / sequencing words: first, then, next, after that, finally, meanwhile.

Example paragraph (process):

Draft (needs grammar fixes):

i wake up wash my hands then i put on my school uniform and comb my hair.

Corrected:

I wake up, wash my hands, and then put on my school uniform. Next, I comb my hair neatly.

Corrections explained: Capitalize "I"; use commas to separate actions; include "and" for lists; use sequencing word "Next"; add adverb "neatly" to describe how.

4. Punctuation & Capitalization
  • Begin sentences with a capital letter: "My shoes are clean."
  • Full stop (.) for statements, question mark (?) for questions, exclamation (!) for strong commands or feelings.
  • Use commas to separate items or actions: "Wash your hands, dry them, and put on deodorant."
  • Use apostrophes correctly: "It's important to be neat." (It is) vs "Its sole is worn." (possessive)
5. Active vs Passive voice

Active voice is clearer for process writing. Use passive only if the doer is not important.

  • Active: "Mum washes my school blazer." (clear and direct)
  • Passive: "The blazer was washed." (focuses on the blazer, not who washed it)
6. Articles & Prepositions
  • Use articles correctly: "a comb" (one of many) vs "the comb" (specific comb).
  • Common prepositions: "wash with soap", "put on a uniform", "brush before school".
  • Examples: "I clean my nails with a brush." "She dries her hair with a towel."
7. Commonly confused words (check these)
  • their / there / they're — "Their uniform is clean." / "There is soap on the sink." / "They're going to school."
  • your / you're — "Your shoes are shiny." / "You're ready."
  • everyday / every day — "Every day I brush my teeth." (use two words for 'each day')

Quick editing checklist

  • Capitals at sentence start and for "I".
  • Correct tense and subject–verb agreement.
  • Punctuation at sentence end and commas in lists.
  • Correct articles (a/an/the) and prepositions.
  • Spelling of tricky words and homophones (their/there/they're).
  • Clear paragraphing and linking words for sequence.

Short exercises (try them!)

  1. Correct the sentence: "me wash my hands then i put on deodorant"
  2. Change to imperative (command): "You should comb your hair neatly."
  3. Combine using linking words: "I brush my teeth. I put on my shoes. I go to school."
Answers
  1. "I wash my hands, then I put on deodorant." (Capitalize I; add comma; correct verb form)
  2. "Comb your hair neatly." (Imperative form — short and direct)
  3. "First, I brush my teeth. Then I put on my shoes. Finally, I go to school." (Use sequencing words for cohesion)
Visual reminder:

Use clear sentences like steps: ✓ Start with a topic sentence. ✓ Use present simple for routines. ✓ Use commas between short actions. Example: 🧼 Wash your hands → 🧴 Dry them → 👕 Put on a clean uniform.

Tip for teachers / learners: When marking drafts, focus first on meaning and sequence, then correct grammar (tense, agreement, punctuation) before final copy.


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