Grade 10 Mandarin Chinese World of Business-6.1 Listening and Speaking – 6.1.1 Speaking Fluency Notes

1. a) Utilise appropriate expressions and vocabulary in various business contexts.
2. b) Speak fluently in varied contexts to enhance communication.
3. c) Acknowledge the importance of fluency in speaking for effective communication.

These notes concentrate on grammatical structures and linking devices that help a 15‑year‑old Kenyan learner speak more fluently in Mandarin during business-related interactions (market, shop, meeting, phone calls, negotiation).

• Aspect markers: 了 (completed action), 过 (experience), 着 (continuing state).
  我已经付了款。Wǒ yǐjīng fù le kuǎn. — I have already paid the amount.

  我去过内罗毕市场。Wǒ qù guo Nèiluóbì shìchǎng. — I have been to Nairobi Market.

  他拿着单子走了。Tā ná zhe dānzi zǒu le. — He walked off holding the order form.
• Modal verbs and polite request forms: 会, 能, 可以, 要, 想, 要不要 ...?
  我们可以商量价格吗？Wǒmen kěyǐ shāngliáng jiàgé ma? — Can we discuss the price?

  你想要多少？Nǐ xiǎng yào duōshǎo? — How many would you like?
• Topic‑comment structure (useful in spoken Chinese): Put topic first for smooth flow.
  这个产品，质量不错。Zhège chǎnpǐn, zhìliàng bùcuò. — This product, the quality is good.

  那笔订单，我们还没确认。Nà bǐ dìngdān, wǒmen hái méi quèrèn. — As for that order, we haven't confirmed it yet.
• Conjunctions & cause‑effect / contrast: 因为...所以..., 虽然...但是..., 如果...就...
  因为货不够，所以要等两天。Yīnwèi huò bù gòu, suǒyǐ yào děng liǎng tiān. — Because stock is insufficient, we need to wait two days.

  虽然价格高，但是质量很好。Suīrán jiàgé gāo, dànshì zhìliàng hěn hǎo. — Although the price is high, the quality is good.
• Discourse markers for linking spoken sentences: 然后, 所以, 那么, 对了, 对不对
  先核对订单，然后发货。Xiān héduì dìngdān, ránhòu fāhuò. — First check the order, then ship.
• Question forms & confirmation: 吗?, 什么?, 怎么?, 多少?, A不A? (是不是/好不好)
  这个可以打折吗？Zhège kěyǐ dǎzhé ma? — Can this be discounted?

  你们周末营业吗？Nǐmen zhōumò yíngyè ma? — Are you open on weekends?
• Measure words (量词) — necessary in spoken countable contexts: 个, 件, 箱, 包, 双
  我想订三箱红茶。Wǒ xiǎng dìng sān xiāng hóngchá. — I want to order three boxes of black tea.
• Polite business phrases (short grammar‑stable chunks): 麻烦您..., 请问..., 能不能..., 谢谢您, 不客气
  请问发票怎么开？Qǐngwèn fāpiào zěnme kāi? — How is the invoice issued?

• Practice common sentence frames (stereotyped chunks) so you don't have to compose from scratch — e.g., "请问..., 我想...", "我们可以..."
• Use conjunctions and discourse markers to connect short sentences into a stream (reduce pauses): 因为..., 所以..., 然后..., 那么...
• Use topic‑comment order to start sentences quickly (topic first), then add details.
• Memorise short polite formulas and modal verb patterns for requests and offers.
• Apply aspect markers accurately — they reduce hesitation about time reference and make speech more natural.

1. Role‑plays (pair work) — 10–12 minutes per pair:
   Scenario A: Market negotiation at Nairobi Market — student A is seller, student B is customer. Focus grammar: 因为...所以..., 会/可以, measure words, 了/过.

   Task: Make at least 6 connected sentences using 因为...所以... and include 了 or 过 once.
2. One‑minute business update (solo timed drill):
   Topic: "本周库存情况" — speak for 1 minute using 因为/所以, 然后, and at least two aspect markers (了/过/着). Record and self‑assess for pauses and correct grammar.
3. Chain story (group of 4) — each student adds one sentence using the given connector:
   Starter: "我们接到一个大订单..." Use 然后, 因为..., 虽然..., 所以... in turn. Count errors in grammar and repeat until smooth.
4. Shadowing & substitution drill:
   Teacher says a business sentence (e.g., "请问您要多少件？"), students immediately repeat, then substitute numbers, items, verbs to practise grammatical frames.
5. Sentence transformation exercises:
   Turn statements into questions (加吗/ A不A?), change tense using 了/过, change modality (可以 → 要/会).
6. Real‑life task: Phone order role-play (3 turns) — use polite requests, modal verbs, and confirm with A不A? (e.g., 好不好) and an aspect marker to confirm completion.

1. Make 5 spoken sentences about stock status using 了 and 因为...所以.... Example: 因为雨天，货到晚了。
2. Role‑play prompt: You are a supplier; persuade a Kenyan shop owner to buy your tea. Use 虽然...但是..., 可以..., and at least two measure words.
3. Transform: Change these into questions — 这件货放在哪里？ (from statement: 这件货放在仓库。)
4. Timed drill: 60s — describe a short delivery process using 然后, 所以, and a modal verb (能/可以/会).

• Uses appropriate grammar frames (topic‑comment, conjunctions) in at least 70% of utterances — shows planning and linking.
• Correct use of aspect markers (了/过/着) in recounts and completed actions in 3 out of 4 examples.
• Can form polite requests and questions using modal verbs and question particles in role‑play with minimal hesitation.
• Fluency measured by one‑minute monologue: continuous speech with fewer than 5 long pauses and correct use of at least three target grammar features.