Conjunctions — Types of Conjunctions

Subject: English • For learners (age ~10, Kenya). A conjunction is a little word that joins words, phrases or sentences. Think of it as a bridge 🔗 between parts of a sentence.

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1. Coordinating Conjunctions

These join words or sentences that are equal. The most common ones are: and, but, or, so.

  • and — joins similar ideas: "I study and I play after school."
  • but — shows contrast: "I wanted to walk, but it rained."
  • or — gives a choice: "Would you like tea or milk?"
  • so — shows result: "It was hot, so we sat under a tree."
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2. Subordinating Conjunctions

These join a main idea with a smaller idea. They show time, reason, condition or contrast. Examples: because, when, if, while, after, before.

  • "I went home because I was tired." (reason)
  • "When the bell rings, we start class." (time)
  • "If it rains, we will stay inside." (condition)
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3. Correlative Conjunctions

These are pairs of words that work together to join equal parts. Common pairs: either...or, neither...nor, both...and, not only...but also.

  • "Either Paul or Amina will read the story."
  • "Both the teacher and the pupils sang a song."

Quick Tips

  • Use "and" to join similar ideas; use "but" to show different ideas.
  • Subordinating conjunctions can start a sentence: "Because it rained, we stayed home."
  • Correlative conjunctions must come in pairs: don’t write "either...and".

Short Practice

  1. Fill in the blank: "I like ugali ___ rice." (and / but)
  2. Choose the right word: "She stayed inside ___ it rained." (because / or)
  3. Pick the pair: "___ Sam ___ Joy finished homework." (Both / and) or (Either / or)
  4. Identify the conjunction: "We will play football if it is dry." — which word joins the ideas?
Answers (click to show)
  1. and
  2. because
  3. Both ... and
  4. "if" (it is a subordinating conjunction)

Try writing three sentences about your day using one coordinating, one subordinating and one correlative conjunction. ✍️ Good luck!


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