Art & Craft — Picture Making

Subtopic: Painting — Imaginative Composition

For learners aged 11 — Kenyan context

Learning objectives
  • Understand what an imaginative composition is.
  • Plan and paint a simple picture from imagination using foreground, middle ground and background.
  • Use colour, pattern and simple texture to show mood and place (e.g., savanna, village, market).
  • Describe and talk about your picture using basic art words.
What is an imaginative composition?

An imaginative composition is a picture you create from your ideas, not from a photo. You combine things you know — like animals, houses, trees, people and the sun — into one picture that tells a story. In Kenya you might imagine a bright market scene, Maasai dancers on a hill, children flying kites near the coast, or animals by a watering hole.

Materials
  • Paper or cartridge sheet (A4 or bigger)
  • Paints (poster/tempera or watercolour), brushes
  • Pencil, rubber, ruler
  • Crayons or coloured pencils for details
  • Old newspaper to cover desks
Useful ideas from Kenya
  • Use colours of tea fields (greens) or coastal blues.
  • Include local animals (zebra, giraffe), farming scenes, or market stalls.
  • Add patterns from kitenge cloth or simple Maasai bead designs for borders.
Step-by-step guide
  1. Think and plan: Close your eyes and imagine a scene. What is happening? Who is there?
  2. Make small thumbnail sketches: Draw 2–3 tiny pictures (no more than 6 cm each) to try different ideas.
  3. Decide the composition: Place a strong centre of interest (focal point) — for example a market stall or a giraffe — and place other items around it.
  4. Divide space: Draw a light line to show foreground (near), middle ground, and background (far). This makes depth.
  5. Block in colours: Paint big shapes first — sky, land, big trees. Use light to dark or dark to light for contrast.
  6. Add details and texture: Use small brushes, dots or lines to show grass, thatch roofs or bead patterns.
  7. Finish and review: Stand back. Add final highlights (bright spots) or outlines to make things clearer.
Simple composition rules (easy to remember)
  • Focal point: The most important part should stand out (bigger or brighter).
  • Balance: Put heavy shapes on both sides so the picture does not feel one-sided.
  • Depth: Use size and overlap: nearer objects are larger and overlap smaller ones behind them.
  • Colours: Warm colours (red, orange, yellow) come forward; cool colours (blue, green) go back.
  • Leading lines: Use roads, fences or paths that guide the eye to your focal point.
Example idea — "Village Market on a Hill"

Below is a very simple visual to show foreground, middle ground and background. Colours are soft — you will paint more details.

Tip: Try a small sketch like this first. Then use paint to add colour and texture.

Classroom activity (45–60 min)
  1. 5 min: Think of a story for your picture (who, where, what).
  2. 10 min: Draw two thumbnail sketches.
  3. 25–35 min: Paint your chosen composition.
  4. 5 min: Share your picture and explain one thing you chose and why.
Assessment — what teacher looks for
  • Has the pupil used foreground, middle and background?
  • Is there a clear focal point or story?
  • Are colours chosen to show space or mood (warm/cool)?
  • Has the pupil tried patterns or simple textures?
Key vocabulary

Foreground — nearest part of the picture; Middle ground — middle area; Background — far away; Focal point — main subject; Texture — how something looks like it feels.


Final tips
  • Keep your first painting simple — big shapes first, details last.
  • Use local stories and places you know for interesting ideas.
  • Talk about your picture with friends — it helps improve ideas.
Designed for Kenyan primary learners (age 11)

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