Adverbs — Classes of Adverbs

Subject: Primary English (Kenya) — Age: 11
Subtopic: Classes of Adverbs
What you will learn: types of adverbs, how they work in sentences, and short practice.

What is an adverb?

An adverb is a word that gives more information about a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. It tells us how, when, where, how often or to what degree something happens.

1. Adverbs of Manner (How?) 🚶‍♀️

Tell us how something is done. Often answer the question "How?".

Examples: quickly, slowly, carefully, badly

She runs quickly. — How does she run? quickly.

2. Adverbs of Time (When?) 🕒

Tell us when something happens.

Examples: now, yesterday, tomorrow, soon, already

We start lessons at 8 a.m. tomorrow.

3. Adverbs of Place (Where?) 📍

Tell us where something happens.

Examples: here, there, nearby, outside, upstairs

The learners are outside.

4. Adverbs of Frequency (How often?) 🔁

Tell us how often something happens.

Examples: always, often, sometimes, never, every day

My sister always helps with chores.

5. Adverbs of Degree (How much?) 📏

Tell us the intensity or degree.

Examples: very, quite, too, almost, enough

The tea is very hot.

6. Adverbs of Reason / Cause (Why?) ❓

Tell us why something happens. They are often phrases or words like because, therefore, so.

Examples: because, therefore, hence

He stayed home because he was ill.

7. Adverbs of Affirmation & Negation ✅❌

Show if something is true or not.

Examples: yes, no, certainly, not, never

She will certainly come. / He did not go.

Where do adverbs go in a sentence?

  • Adverbs of manner and place often come after the verb: She sings beautifully., They played outside.
  • Adverbs of time often come at the end or start: We will meet later., Tomorrow, we will practise.
  • Adverbs of frequency usually come before the main verb (but after the verb "to be"): He always helps., She is often late.
  • Adverbs of degree come before adjectives or other adverbs: It is very cold., She ran quite quickly.

How to form adverbs

Many adverbs of manner are made by adding -ly to an adjective:

Quick (adj) → quickly (adv), happy → happily.

But some are the same as adjectives: fast, early, hard.

Short practice (try these)

  1. Underline the adverb and name its class: "The children waited patiently."
  2. Fill in the blank with a suitable adverb of time: "We will go to the market ____."
  3. Change the adjective to an adverb: "She is loud." → "She speaks _____."
  4. Choose the adverb of frequency: "My mother ______ (always / here) cooks ugali."
  5. Identify the adverb of place: "The books are upstairs."
Answers (click to view)
  1. patiently — Adverb of manner
  2. Possible answers: "tomorrow", "later", "soon". (Adverb of time)
  3. loudly (She speaks loudly.)
  4. always — "My mother always cooks ugali." (Adverb of frequency)
  5. upstairs — Adverb of place

Remember — quick tips

  • Ask the question: How? When? Where? How often? How much? — this helps you find the adverb.
  • Not all adverbs end in -ly (e.g., fast, well, early).
  • Place adverbs correctly so the sentence sounds natural.

Well done! Try to spot adverbs when you read your English book or listen in class.


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