LISTENING AND SPEAKING: INTERVIEWS

Topic: PROFESSIONS — English grammar for interviews (age 12, Kenya)

Goal: Learn and practise grammar structures that help you listen to and speak during interviews about jobs (teacher, doctor, farmer, nurse, mechanic, chef, police officer, etc.).


1. Asking questions — forms to use

  • Wh- questions for details: Who, What, Where, When, Why, How.
    Examples:
    • What do you do? (job)
    • Where do you work? (place)
    • How long have you been a teacher? (experience)
    • Why did you choose this profession?
  • Yes / No questions use auxiliary verbs: Do/Does/Did/Have/Is/Are/Can/Will.
    Examples:
    • Do you work at the hospital?
    • Have you worked here before?
    • Can you drive a motorcycle?
  • Polite requests and interview openings (use would/could):
    Examples:
    • Could you tell me about your job?
    • Would you mind explaining your daily duties?

2. Verb tenses you will hear and use

Present Simple — for routines and facts (most common when talking about a job):

I teach Maths. She works at the clinic. They repair cars.

Present Continuous — for actions happening now:

I am preparing the lesson. He is treating a patient.

Present Perfect — for experience up to now (use with 'for' and 'since'):

I have worked as a nurse for five years. She has lived in Nairobi since 2018.

Past Simple — for finished actions in the past:

I trained at a college in Mombasa. He worked on a farm last year.

Future (will / going to) — for plans or predictions:

I will start the course next month. She is going to study engineering.

3. Modals — helping words for interviews

  • Can / Could — ability or polite requests.
    Can you drive? Could you tell me your duties?
  • Must / Have to — obligation.
    You must wear a uniform. I have to arrive by 7am.
  • Should — advice or suggestion.
    You should study for the exam. He should practise speaking more.
  • May / Might — possibility.
    She may work in the city. It might be busy today.

4. Useful patterns for interview speech

  1. Introduce yourself: My name is ... I am a ... / I work as a ...
  2. Talk about duties (present simple): I prepare lessons, I treat patients, I fix engines.
  3. Talk about experience (present perfect / past simple): I have worked for three years. I worked at a school in Kisumu.
  4. Explain qualifications: I studied at ... / I trained as a ...
  5. Answer 'why' questions: I chose this job because I like helping people.
  6. Ask for clarification: Could you repeat that, please? / What do you mean by ...?

5. Short sample interview (focus on grammar)

Interviewer: Could you tell me what you do?

Candidate: I am a teacher. I teach Science at Parkview Primary School.

Interviewer: How long have you taught there?

Candidate: I have taught there for four years. Before that, I worked as a tutor.

Interviewer: Do you have any special training?

Candidate: Yes. I trained at the teacher training college and I can teach in both English and Kiswahili.

6. Short grammar practice — speak and listen

Activity A (change the form): Turn the sentence into a question you can ask in an interview.

  1. She works at a hospital. → ____________?
  2. I have been a chef for two years. → ____________?
  3. They fix engines every day. → ____________?

Activity B (answer using the correct tense):

  1. How long / you / work / here? → I ____________ (work) here since 2020.
  2. What / you / do? → I ____________ (teach) Geography.
  3. Where / you / train? → I ____________ (train) at a college in Nakuru last year.

Answers (listen or check after speaking): A1: Do you work at a hospital? A2: Have you been a chef for two years? A3: Do they fix engines every day? — B1: have worked / B2: teach / B3: trained.

7. Common mistakes to avoid

  • Using wrong auxiliary: Say "Do you work?" (not "You work?") for formal interviews.
  • Tense mix-ups: Use present simple for routines (I teach), present perfect for experience (I have taught).
  • Politeness: Use could/would for requests — "Could you tell me...?" instead of "Tell me...".

8. Quick checklist before an interview

  • Use clear question forms (Wh- and auxiliaries).
  • Match the tense to the idea (present, perfect, past).
  • Use polite modals (could, would, can).
  • Give full answers (not only "Yes"). Add details: Where? When? How long?

Tip Practice with a friend: one person asks questions, the other answers using the correct tense and modals. Swap roles.

Good luck! 😊


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