GRAMMAR IN USE: PHRASAL VERBS

Subject: English • Topic: Traditional Fashion (Kenya) • Target age: 12

What is a phrasal verb?

A phrasal verb is a verb + a small word (a particle) such as on, off, up, out, down, in. Together they make a new meaning. Example: "put on" means to wear clothes.

Common phrasal verbs about traditional fashion

  • put on — to wear clothes or accessories. (separable)
    Example: Mum put on her kitenge. → Mum put it on.
  • take off — to remove clothes or shoes. (separable)
    Example: He took off his sandals after the dance.
  • try on — to wear something to see if it fits. (separable)
    Example: I tried on the Maasai shuka at the shop.
  • dress up — to wear special or nice clothes. (often intransitive)
    Example: We dress up for the wedding.
  • hand down / pass down — to give clothes to someone younger in the family. (transitive)
    Example: Grandma handed down her bead necklaces to my sister.
  • pick out — to choose (a cloth or design). (separable)
    Example: I picked out a bright kitenge for my aunt.
  • match with / go with — to look good together (colours or patterns). (intransitive or separable)
    Example: The beads match with the shuka.
  • stand out — to be noticeable. (intransitive)
    Example: Her colourful kofia stands out at school events.
  • button up / zip up — to fasten (clothes). (separable)
    Example: Button up your jacket before you go outside.

Important grammar notes (easy)

  1. Separable phrasal verbs: You can put the object between the verb and the particle.
    Example: "put on the kitenge" → "put the kitenge on". If the object is a pronoun, put the pronoun between: "put it on" (not "put on it").
  2. Inseparable phrasal verbs: The particle must stay with the verb.
    Example: "stand out" — you say "The dress stands out" (not "The dress stands it out").
  3. Transitive vs. intransitive: Some phrasal verbs need an object, others don’t.
    Transitive: "try on a dress" (needs an object). Intransitive: "dress up" (no object needed: "We dress up").

Practice — Fill the blanks

  1. I __________ (try on) a bright kitenge at the market yesterday.
  2. After the dance, the children __________ (take off) their bead necklaces.
  3. Grandfather __________ (pass down) his traditional hat to his grandson.
  4. These colours __________ (match with) the shuka very well.
  5. Please __________ (button up) your shirt before we leave.

Rewrite using a pronoun

  1. Put on the kofia. → __________
  2. Try on the dress. → __________
Show answers
Fill the blanks:
  1. I tried on a bright kitenge at the market yesterday.
  2. After the dance, the children took off their bead necklaces.
  3. Grandfather passed down his traditional hat to his grandson.
  4. These colours match with the shuka very well. (or "go with" the shuka)
  5. Please button up your shirt before we leave. (or "button your shirt up")
Rewrite using a pronoun:
  1. Put on the kofia. → Put it on.
  2. Try on the dress. → Try it on.

Activity — Make your own sentences

Write three sentences about traditional clothes using any phrasal verbs above. Try to use a pronoun once (e.g., "put it on").

Example: My aunt passed down a colourful kitenge to me. I tried it on and it looked great!

Tip: Learn phrasal verbs in short groups. Practise with clothes you know: kitenge, kikoy, shuka, kofia and beads. Use them in simple sentences every day.
🇰🇪 Happy learning — use phrasal verbs to talk about Kenyan fashion!

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