Volleyball: Over-Arm Serve

Physical and Health Education — Age 11 (Kenya)

The over-arm serve is a way to start play by hitting the ball over the net with your hand above your head. We practise it in school PE lessons and at local games.

Equipment & place

  • Volleyball (properly pumped)
  • Net (school net or marked rope at the right height)
  • Comfortable shoes and sportswear (no jewellery)
  • Play in the school hall, court, or a flat playground

Warm-up (5–10 minutes)

  • Jog on the spot for 1 minute
  • Arm circles (10 forwards, 10 backwards)
  • Shoulder stretches and wrist rolls
  • Light passing with a friend (bump for 1 minute)

Step-by-step: How to do an over-arm serve

  1. Stand behind the service line. Right foot slightly forward if you are right-handed (left foot if left-handed).
  2. Hold the ball in your non-dominant hand at chest height.
  3. Raise the ball in front of you to about eye level.
  4. Bring your hitting arm back and bend the elbow. Keep your eyes on the ball.
  5. Step forward with your front foot, swing your hitting arm forward and strike the ball with an open hand (the heel of the palm) above your head.
  6. Follow through: your hand continues towards the target and your body leans forward slightly.
Simple tips for better serves
  • Toss the ball a little in front of you — not too high. A good toss makes the serve easier.
  • Keep your eyes on the ball until you hit it.
  • Use your legs and step forward for power — don’t only use the arm.
  • Aim at a spot on the other side of the court, not just over the net.

Common mistakes & how to fix them

  • Hitting the ball too low — toss the ball a bit higher (eye level).
  • Standing still — step forward to add power.
  • Closed hand or fingers — use a flat open hand (heel of the palm).
  • Eyes leave the ball too early — keep focus until contact.

Safety

  • Tie shoelaces and remove jewellery.
  • Make sure the court is not wet or full of stones.
  • Do not serve until the teacher says “serve”.

Practice drills (fun & simple)

  1. Wall serve: Stand 3–4 metres from a wall and practise hitting the ball against it over a marked line.
  2. Target serve: Place a hoop or cone on the other side. Try to serve into the hoop.
  3. Partner rally: One serves, the partner tries to receive and pass back. Count how many in a row.

Success checklist for teachers (observe)

  • Ball toss steady and in front — 2 marks
  • Correct foot position and step — 2 marks
  • Contact with open hand above head — 3 marks
  • Ball travels over the net into court — 3 marks

Total: 10 marks. Encourage improvement, not only scores.

Small visual: court, player and net

P
Player
🏐
Net
Target

Practice often for control. Ask your PE teacher for tips during school sessions. Have fun and play fair!

Prepared for Kenyan schools — simple and safe steps for age 11

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